Scientific Name:
Terminalia arjuna
Plant Form:
Large deciduous tree with rounded crown, sometimes buttressed.
Native/Exotic/Introduced:
Native to Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Distribution:
Widespread in India; recorded in Maharashtra districts in forest and plains.
Plant Characteristics:
Leathery elliptic leaves, axillary flower spikes, drupaceous fruit; fissured bark.
Required Growth conditions:
Prefers well-drained soils; tolerates seasonal dryness.
Habitat:
Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests, plains and stream valleys.
Conservation Status:
Least Concern (IUCN).
Dispersal:
Animal frugivores (birds, mammals) disperse drupes.
Pollinators:
Generalist insect pollinators (bees, flies).
Medicinal Information:
Component of triphala in Ayurveda; hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties documented.
Bird Host Plant:
Fruits eaten by birds and mammals; supports frugivore community.
Butterfly Host Plant:
No specialist larval host records; flowers visited by generalist butterflies.
Moth Host Plant:
No specific specialist moth-host data found.
Ecological Significance:
Supports frugivore food chains; used in reforestation and tannin extraction.
Cultural Significance:
Important Ayurvedic species; one of triphala fruits; cultural medicinal importance.
Air Pollution Tollerance Index (APTI):
No reliable ATPI value located in peer literature.
Other Uses:
Tannins for leather/dye, timber, fuelwood and medicinal extracts.